Based on what you know and the required length of your final paper, limit your topic to a specific area. A broad scope will generally require a longer paper, while a narrow scope will be sufficiently proven by a shorter paper. Brainstorm. If you are having trouble beginning your paper or writing your thesis, take a piece of paper and write down Jun 19, · I know many sad stories of college students who write about non-interesting sports research topics such as the usefulness of teamwork or the history of blogger.com in Homework Lab, I’ve got 21 students from the U.S. who came to us with D and even F marks for sports research paper topics, banned as hackneyed by their blogger.com my students, I used to create a list of 2 days ago · Research paper searching websites essay questions on classroom management argumentative essay topics nytimes exploratory in research paper, right to vote essay in telugu: how to end a meditation essay argumentative essay zwroty. Case study of motivation in organization. The case study of the nacirema demonstrates ____ essays of soccer. Case
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Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Luke M. Gessel, BS, contributed to conception and design; analysis and interpretation of the data; and drafting, critical revision, soccer research paper, and final approval of the article, soccer research paper. Sarah K. Fields, JD, PhD, contributed to soccer research paper and design and drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the article.
Christy L. Collins, MA, contributed to conception and design; acquisition and analysis and interpretation of the data; and drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the article.
Randall W. Dick, MS, FACSM, contributed to acquisition and analysis and interpretation of the data and drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the article. Dawn Comstock, PhD, contributed to conception and design; acquisition and analysis and interpretation of the data; and drafting, critical revision, and final approval of the article.
Sports are second only to motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of traumatic brain injury among people aged 15 to 24 years. Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of concussions in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes and to compare rates of concussion among high school and collegiate athletes.
Patients or Other Participants: United States high school and collegiate athletes, soccer research paper. Main Outcome Measure s : Data from 2 injury surveillance systems, High School Reporting Information Online RIO and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, were analyzed to calculate rates, describe patterns, and evaluate potential risk factors for sport-related concussion, soccer research paper.
Results: Concussions represented 8. Among both groups, soccer research paper, rates of concussions were highest in the sports of football and soccer. In high school sports played by both sexes, girls sustained a higher rate of concussions, and concussions represented a greater proportion of total injuries than in boys, soccer research paper.
In all sports, collegiate athletes had higher rates of concussion than high school athletes, but concussions represented a greater proportion of all injuries among high school athletes, soccer research paper. Conclusions: Sport-related injury surveillance systems can provide scientific data to drive targeted injury-prevention projects.
Developing effective sport-related concussion preventive measures depends upon increasing our knowledge of concussion rates, patterns, and risk factors. Contact with another person was the risk factor responsible for most concussions among high school athletes. In sports played by soccer research paper sexes, girls sustained more concussions than boys in both high school and college.
Concussion rates were higher among collegiate athletes, but concussions represented a higher proportion of all injuries sustained by high school athletes, soccer research paper. Few authors 89 have studied sport-related concussion among both high school and collegiate athletes. Investigators using the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System NCAA ISS 10 have provided concussion rates for collegiate athletes, 811 and a study supported by the National Athletic Trainers Association NATA provided concussion rates for high school athletes.
However, research into sport-related concussions among high school and collegiate athletes is incomplete. For instance, the association of factors such as sex and level of competition with concussion is still poorly understood.
Some authors 141617 have shown that the incidence of concussions is higher and recovery time longer for high school athletes compared with their collegiate counterparts, soccer research paper. Yet contrary evidence has also been presented, suggesting that the incidence of concussions may be higher at the collegiate level. No authors to date have evaluated concussion rates for multiple sports among high school and collegiate athletes using directly comparable, nationally representative data.
Our purpose was to investigate the epidemiology of concussions in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes and to compare rates of concussion among high school and collegiate athletes.
In the — High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study, Reporting Information Online RIOan Internet-based surveillance system, was used to collect injury and exposure data for athletes participating in 9 US high school sports.
A simple random sample was then used to select schools from each sampling strata to achieve a nationally representative sample of soccer research paper. Weekly throughout the study period, ATs from participating schools logged onto the High School RIO Web site using a unique study ID number to report athlete-exposure and injury data.
Athlete-exposure A-E was defined as 1 athlete's participation in a practice or competition. Injury was defined as 1 occurring during an organized high school practice or competition, 2 requiring medical attention by a team AT or a physician, soccer research paper, and 3 resulting in restriction of the student-athlete's participation in either practice or competition for 1 or more days.
Additionally, for each injury, the AT completed an injury report form that collected data on athlete demographics, where and when the injury occurred, concussion symptoms resolution time, length of time until return to play, injury recurrence, etc. Athletic trainers were able to view, edit, and update previously entered information throughout the study period.
Data from High School RIO were analyzed to assess the rates and patterns of sport-related concussion. The overall rate of injury was calculated as the ratio of injuries per total A-Es. Injury rates were also calculated as the ratio of practice injuries per practice exposures and as the ratio of competition injuries per competition exposures. To calculate national estimates of the number of high school injuries, each reported injury was assigned a sample weight based on the inverse of the probability of the school's selection into the study based on the total number of US high schools in each of the 8 sampling strata.
Data were analyzed using SPSS software version Statistical analyses included calculation of rate ratios RRsproportion ratios PRsand χ 2 tests. As an example, PRs were calculated as follows:. The NCAA has maintained the ISS for intercollegiate athletics since The primary goal of the NCAA ISS is to collect injury and exposure data from a representative sample of NCAA institutions in a variety of sports.
Relevant data are then shared with NCAA sport and policy committees for making evidence-based decisions on health and safety issues. Participation in the NCAA ISS is voluntary and available to all member institutions. In —, schools participated in ISS data collection for up to 16 sports through their ATs. Each participating school entered data for the sports of its choosing; thus each sport had a different sample size. This sampling scheme attempted to balance the needs of maintaining a representative cross-section of institutions while accommodating the needs of the voluntary participants.
The NCAA ISS does not calculate national estimates. High School RIO was closely modeled after the NCAA ISS. The — data used for analysis in this study represented the first year of High School RIO data collection at the high school level and the second year of Web-based NCAA ISS data collection at the collegiate level. Because High School RIO used the same definitions of injury and exposure as those in the NCAA ISS, the injury rates among high school and collegiate athletes were directly compared.
Nationwide Children's Hospital Institutional Review Board approved this study. In the 9 high school sports studied over the course of the — school year, soccer research paper, injuries were soccer research paper, 8. This included concussions Based on soccer research paper national estimate, the majority of concussions resulted from participation in football The rate of concussion was higher in competition than in practice for all sports except high school girls' softball and volleyball Table 1, soccer research paper.
Because only 6 concussions were reported in volleyball, soccer research paper, this sport will not be discussed in detail below. Among high school athletes, the most commonly reported concussion symptom was headache Other symptoms included loss of consciousness 3. Overall, The highest proportion of concussion injuries occurred during running plays Table 2 and resulted from contact with another person Figure 3.
More specifically, tackling and being tackled were responsible for Linebackers suffered Running backs sustained However, no significant differences by offensive positions existed.
Girls had a higher rate of concussion 0. The risk factors for concussion in soccer differed significantly by sex. Among both boys' and girls' soccer players, the activity most frequently associated with concussions was heading the ball Additionally, Contact with another person resulted in a greater proportion of concussions in boys However, contact with the ground Another risk factor associated with concussions was goaltending, with Among girls, a greater proportion of concussions than all other injuries were soccer research paper while defending Conversely, boys sustained a greater proportion of concussions while chasing loose balls A larger proportion of boys A small proportion of girls 6.
In wrestling, takedowns were responsible for Softball players 0. However, concussions represented a significantly soccer research paper proportion of total injuries in softball players 5. A greater proportion of baseball players had concussions resulting from contact with the ball Furthermore, a larger proportion of concussions among baseball players After 6 days or fewer, symptoms were resolved in a slightly greater proportion of softball players However, a greater proportion of baseball players returned to play within 6 days In the — school year, for the 9 college sports corresponding to those studied in High School RIO, a total of injuries were reported, including 5.
In general, the overall rate of concussion was higher in the collegiate sports than their high school counterparts, soccer research paper, although the difference was not significant in baseball Table 1. With the exception of high school baseball and softball players, collegiate concussion rates were higher than high school rates in both competition and practice. Conversely, concussions comprised a greater proportion of total injuries sustained by high school athletes than by collegiate athletes in all sports except volleyball and men's basketball Figure 4.
As participation in high school sports continues to increase, ATs will continue to be heavily relied upon to diagnose and treat concussions. Sport-related injury surveillance systems can provide the scientific soccer research paper needed to calculate injury rates, monitor patterns of injury, and identify risk factors. For example, our data demonstrated differences in sport-related concussion among sports and between the sexes and levels of play ie, high school versus collegiate.
By identifying patterns that soccer research paper predict concussions, we may be able to reduce concussion rates through targeted, evidence-based interventions.
In our study, concussions represented 8. Soccer research paper amount is higher than the 5.
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Jun 19, · I know many sad stories of college students who write about non-interesting sports research topics such as the usefulness of teamwork or the history of blogger.com in Homework Lab, I’ve got 21 students from the U.S. who came to us with D and even F marks for sports research paper topics, banned as hackneyed by their blogger.com my students, I used to create a list of Dec 18, · Soccer Research Paper Topics. The structure of the attacking actions of soccer players. Psychological approaches and techniques in the training of young soccer players. The increase of injuries during a soccer match compared to ordinary training. Relation of menstrual disorder to regular soccer training among girls Nov 24, · How to start an essay on the great gatsby a bluebook paper to cite How research, persuasive essay revision checklist personal essays about soccer. Case study definition and purpose ielts essay on childhood
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